Vascular Anatomy of the Proximal Femur and the Risk of Avascular Osteonecrosis

Abdelmonem Awad Mustafa Hegazy; Mohammad Abdelmonem Hegazy

doi:10.61797/ijcsav.v6i1.446

Abdelmonem Awad Mustafa Hegazy Professor of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa City 13110, Jordan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5993-6618
Mohammad Abdelmonem Hegazy Orthopedic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City 44519, Egypt

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61797/ijcsav.v6i1.446

Keywords: Anatomy, Femur head, Femur neck, Avascular necrosis, Orthopedics

Abstract

The high complication rate associated with femoral neck (FN) fracture, particularly the development of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head (FH), may be explained by the vascular anatomy of the proximal femur. The FH AVN is a devastating disease and greatly affects the quality of life. Therefore, clarifying the arterial blood supply to the FH is the aim of this short review. Despite the rich blood supply to the FH, it is one of the most susceptible bone structures to AVN. It is supplied from two main blood sources: the femoral artery through the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries, and the internal iliac artery through the superior and inferior gluteal arteries, as well as the obturator artery. The main blood supply vessels pass through the retinacular capsule of the hip joint along the relatively long FN. Displaced fragments after a FN fracture can tear these blood vessels, affecting the blood supply to the FH. Early management of such cases may reduce the risk of developing AVN. Future studies are highly recommended to further explore the main source of blood supply to the FH especially at different ages. Clarification of such arrangement can help explain the risk of development of FH AVN and allow safe surgical exposure of such region.

Author Biography

Abdelmonem Awad Mustafa Hegazy, Professor of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa City 13110, Jordan

Prof. Abdelmonem Awad Hegazy

(Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt)

MBBCH with honor, DGO, MSc, MD, PhD

Dr. Abdelmonem A. Hegazy is currently working as Professor of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt & College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science & Technology (MUST), Egypt.

He is also a Consultant of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. He is the former chairman of the Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University (Egypt); and Professor in King Saud and Majmaah Universities (KSA) 2009-2013 and Misurata, Faculty of Medicine (Libya) 2000.

Prof Hegazy is a Global Goodwill Ambassador (GGA). He is also an Egyptian Ambassador for International Program for Prevention of Child Abuse ‘My Body is My Body’.

He is Editor-in-Chief of the following international journals: International Journal of Human Anatomy (USA); Women Health and Complications (UK), SAR Journal of Medical Case Reports (Bangladesh), Journal of Medical & Advanced Clinical Case Reports (India) & Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Frontiers Journal of Anatomical Variations (FJAV). He is the Former Editor-in-Chief of Zagazig University Medical Journal (Egypt).

Dr. Hegazy is also a referee of scientific research submitted for promotion of professors in Egyptian Universities (since 2016 Till Now). He is also Member of International Institutional Review Board – IRB (Hong Kong). Dr. Hegazy participates in Zagazig University academic, scientific, educational and professional development activities in the fields of medical sciences development, including basic and clinical research, policy implementation, design programs, set coursework plans, curricula, syllabi, scientific conference paneling, as well as designing and delivering a wide scope of continuous professional development programs, including training, strategic planning, research methodology, scientific thesis and dissertation writing; research proposal, medical ethics, organization’s behavior issues, all with emphasis on system and staff development. Dr. Hegazy is a member of Institutional Research Board (IRB) unit, Egyptian Medical Syndicate, Egyptian Society of Anatomy, and Postgraduate and Scientific Research Affairs Committee, Faculty of Medicine. His pool of academics consists of original research articles/books/book chapters in various national and international accredited publishing houses. Dr. Hegazy has plenty of scientific publications and projects with many citations. He has got many national and international honors and awards. Dr. Hegazy has been supervising post graduate students in their thesis works. He is also a well-known reviewer/referee/editorial board member in more than 150 international indexed journals.